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Mongolia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia MongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south. It was the center of the Mongol Empire of the 13th century, but was ruled by the Chinese Qing dynasty from the end of the 17th century until an independent government was again formed with Soviet help in 1921. The country has been a democracy since 1992. Almost as big as Alaska, Mongolia has very little arable land: much of its area is grassland, with mountains in the north and west and the Gobi Desert in the south. Most of the population are nomadic Lamaist Buddhists of the Mongol race.
UlaanbaatarUlaanbaatar or Ulan Bator is the capital of Mongolia. In 1998 its population was estimated at 650,000. It is situated north and slightly east of the center of Mongolia, on the Tuul River, in a valley at the foot of the mountain Bogdo Uul. Founded in 1649 as a Buddhist monastery town named Urga, it prospered in the 1860s as a commercial center on the tea route between Russia and China. Mongolia first proclaimed its autonomy in 1911, and when the city became the capital of the new Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, its name was changed to Ulaanbaatar ("red hero" in the Mongolian language), in honor of Mongolia's national hero Sühbaatar, who liberated Mongolia from Ungern von Sternberg troops, Chinese rule, and called in the Soviet Red Army. His statue still adorns Ulaanbaatar's central square. Ulaanbaatar has an international airport, Buyant Ukha Airport and is connected by highway to all the major towns in Mongolia and by rail to the Trans-Siberian railway and Chinese railroad systems. The city has the only university in the country. But there are number of colleges both private and public. A historical library contains a wealth of ancient Mongolian, Chinese, and Tibetan manuscripts.
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